tVNS frequency waveform comparison 10Hz 25Hz 100Hz

Introduction to Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (tVNS): A non-invasive, portable method to modulate brain activity and autonomic function, offering treatment for depression, anxiety, epilepsy, and gastrointestinal disorders. Key advantages include being non-surgical and well-tolerated.

1. Introduction: What is taVNS? Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a noninvasive technique that stimulates a branch of the vagus nerve in the ear. Signals travel to the brainstem's nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and then influence brain regions that control attention, emotions, movement, and autonomic functions like heart rate and digestion. This makes taVNS a potential tool for both healthy individuals and patients with neurological disorders 2. Pu